The scientific exodus from Nazi Germany. Same as Trump's USA

[IrishBubbaLiberal]

PHYSICS TODAY

https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/Online/5299/The-scientific-exodus-from-Nazi-Germany

The scientific exodus from Nazi Germany

26 September 2018

Beginning in 1933, hundreds of physicists and other academics fled the country, transforming their lives and the global scientific landscape.

Andrew Grant

PHOTO
Left to right: Hertha Sponer, Albert Einstein, Hugo Grotrian, Ingrid Franck, Wilhelm Westphal, James Franck, Otto von Bayer, Lise Meitner, Peter Pringsheim, Fritz Haber, Gustav Hertz, and Otto Hahn gather at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin in 1921. Half of the people in the photo were listed as displaced in the 1930s. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Aristid V. Grosse Collection


Two months after Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor, the German government issued the Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums—the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service. With some exceptions, none of which lasted for long, the 7 April 1933 law ordered that those in government positions who had at least one Jewish grandparent or were political opponents of the Nazi Party be immediately dismissed. Thousands of people lost their jobs as teachers, judges, police officers—and academics at the country’s top universities.

Over the next several years, hundreds of German scientists and other intellectuals would flee to the UK, the US, and dozens of other countries to protect their livelihoods and their lives. The Nazi regime pushed out leading researchers such as Albert Einstein, Hans Krebs, and even national hero Fritz Haber, who had helped develop chemical weapons during World War I. The extraordinary intellectual exodus would have tremendous implications for not only Germany but also the countries that took in the refugees.

To capture a snapshot of the scientific exodus from 1930s Germany, we’ve tracked the movements of 129 physicists included in the 1936 List of Displaced German Scholars. The Notgemeinschaft Deutscher Wissenschaftler im Ausland (Emergency Association of German Scholars in Exile), founded by German neuropathologist and refugee Philipp Schwartz in 1933, compiled the document to help dismissed academics find positions in other countries. The association disseminated the list discreetly to minimize the risk of harm to the scholars who were still in Germany. The list contains nearly 1800 names in various fields. Many of the people on the list were Jewish, but not all—some had Jewish spouses or other family members, some supported communism, and others had spoken out against the government.

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[C_U_L8R]

1. Gee, smart people know something.

Though I prefer to stay and resist.