i see that people are seeing that europeans aren't tipping at wold cup events. it may not be cheapness.

[DFW]

11. So many theories and pronouncements

Learn the local language and read the bill.

In France, you will usually see "Service compris," i.e. "tip included." If it is not, they tell you: Service non compris (rare, but not unheard-of). In Germany, you usually see "Steuer und Bedienungsgeld einbegriffen," or "Tax and tip included."

In most of Europe that is customary. In both countries, patrons usually round it off. If the bill in €18.25 and you leave €20, they are grateful. In Japan they are insulted. Different cultures. Just learn in advance what is expected, and you will be fine. This goes for the masses of Europeans maybe visiting the USA for the first time at the World Cup. Americans do not have a monopoly on traveling somewhere and not learning the local customs in advance.